what is an optocoupler

An optocoupler, also known as an opto-isolator, is a device that transfers electrical signals between two isolated circuits using light. It typically consists of a light-emitting diode (LED) that emits light when current flows through it, and a photosensitive semiconductor that detects the emitted light and produces a corresponding electrical signal. The optocoupler is commonly used to provide electrical isolation between high-voltage and low-voltage circuits, preventing noise, voltage spikes, and ground loops from affecting the operation of sensitive electronic components. It is also used to protect sensitive equipment from high-voltage surges and to ensure the safety of users by isolating them from high-voltage circuits. With its ability to provide reliable isolation and signal transfer, the optocoupler is widely used in applications such as power supplies, motor control, telecommunications, and industrial automation. Its compact size, low power consumption, and high reliability make it an essential component in modern electronic systems.